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You can use the
The SqlDataSource control is designed to update data one record at a time. If you need to perform batch updates, you must write explicit looping logic in your ASP.NET application.
The Basics
To modify data in a database using the SqlDataSource control, you need to set at least the following properties:
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SqlDataSource command propertiesВ В В Set to SQL statements that modify data in the database.
The following sections describe these properties in more detail.
Provider Name
Set the ProviderName property to the name of the ADO.NET provider for the type of database in which your data is stored, which can include the following:
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If you are working with Microsoft SQL Server, set the ProviderName property to "System.Data.SqlClient". This is the default provider if you do not specify a different one.
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If you are working with an Oracle database, set the ProviderName property to "System.Data.OracleClient".
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If you are working with an OLE DB data source, set the ProviderName property to "System.Data.OleDb".
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If you are working with an ODBC data source, set the ProviderName property to "System.Data.Odbc".
Connection String
Set the ConnectionString property to connect to a specific database. It is recommended that you store connection strings in the <%$ ConnectionStrings:connectionStringName %> syntax in control markup. The connection string must be a valid connection string for the specified ProviderName.
Commands
The SqlDataSource control has three command properties that can contain SQL statement that modifies data: the
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The statement that you set for the command property is the same statement that you set for the |
The SQL statement in the UpdateCommand property is executed every time the
The following code example shows how you can use a SqlDataSource control to insert, update, and delete records using a FormView control. The sample connects to the SQL Server Northwind database.
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<%@ Page language="VB" %>
<script RunAt="server">
Sub EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters("EmpID").DefaultValue = _
EmployeesGridView.SelectedValue.ToString()
EmployeeFormView.DataBind()
End Sub
Sub EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated(sender As Object, e As FormViewUpdatedEventArgs)
EmployeesGridView.DataBind()
End Sub
Sub EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted(sender As Object, e As FormViewDeletedEventArgs)
EmployeesGridView.DataBind()
End Sub
Sub EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted(sender As Object, e As SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs)
Dim command As System.Data.Common.DbCommand = e.Command
EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters("EmpID").DefaultValue = _
command.Parameters("@EmpID").Value.ToString()
EmployeesGridView.DataBind()
EmployeeFormView.DataBind()
End Sub
</script>
<html>
<body>
<form RunAt="server">
<h3>FormView Example</h3>
<table cellspacing="10">
<tr>
<td>
<asp:GridView ID="EmployeesGridView"
DataSourceID="EmployeesSqlDataSource"
AutoGenerateColumns="false"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged"
RunAt="Server">
<HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
forecolor="White" />
<Columns>
<asp:ButtonField Text="Details..."
HeaderText="Show<BR>Details"
CommandName="Select"/>
<asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID"/>
<asp:BoundField DataField="LastName" HeaderText="Last Name"/>
<asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName" HeaderText="First Name"/>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<asp:FormView ID="EmployeeFormView"
DataSourceID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
Gridlines="Both"
OnItemUpdated="EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated"
OnItemDeleted="EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted"
RunAt="server">
<HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
forecolor="White"/>
<RowStyle backcolor="White"/>
<EditRowStyle backcolor="LightCyan"/>
<ItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr><td align=right><B>Employee ID:</B></td> <td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Employee Name:</B></td><td><%# Eval("FirstName") %></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Category:</B></td> <td><%# Eval("LastName") %></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<asp:LinkButton ID="EditButton"
Text="Edit"
CommandName="Edit"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="NewButton"
Text="New"
CommandName="New"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="DeleteButton"
Text="Delete"
CommandName="Delete"
RunAt="server"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr><td align=right><B>Employee ID:</B></td><td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>First Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="EditFirstNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Last Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="EditLastNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<asp:LinkButton ID="UpdateButton"
Text="Update"
CommandName="Update"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="CancelUpdateButton"
Text="Cancel"
CommandName="Cancel"
RunAt="server"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</EditItemTemplate>
<InsertItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr><td align=right><B>First Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertFirstNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Last Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertLastNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<asp:LinkButton ID="InsertButton"
Text="Insert"
CommandName="Insert"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="CancelInsertButton"
Text="Cancel"
CommandName="Cancel"
RunAt="server"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</InsertItemTemplate>
</asp:FormView>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeesSqlDataSource"
selectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName FROM Employees"
connectionstring="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>"
RunAt="server">
</asp:sqlDataSource>
<asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID = @EmpID"
InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Employees(LastName, FirstName) VALUES (@LastName, @FirstName);
SELECT @EmpID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET LastName=@LastName, FirstName=@FirstName
WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
DeleteCommand="DELETE Employees WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>"
OnInserted="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted"
RunAt="server">
<SelectParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
</SelectParameters>
<InsertParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Direction="Output" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
</InsertParameters>
</asp:sqlDataSource>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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<%@ Page language="C#" %>
<script RunAt="server">
void EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters["EmpID"].DefaultValue =
EmployeesGridView.SelectedValue.ToString();
EmployeeFormView.DataBind();
}
void EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated(Object sender, FormViewUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
EmployeesGridView.DataBind();
}
void EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted(Object sender, FormViewDeletedEventArgs e)
{
EmployeesGridView.DataBind();
}
void EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted(Object sender, SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs e)
{
System.Data.Common.DbCommand command = e.Command;
EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters["EmpID"].DefaultValue =
command.Parameters["@EmpID"].Value.ToString();
EmployeesGridView.DataBind();
EmployeeFormView.DataBind();
}
</script>
<html>
<body>
<form RunAt="server">
<h3>FormView Example</h3>
<table cellspacing="10">
<tr>
<td>
<asp:GridView ID="EmployeesGridView"
DataSourceID="EmployeesSqlDataSource"
AutoGenerateColumns="false"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged"
RunAt="Server">
<HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
forecolor="White" />
<Columns>
<asp:ButtonField Text="Details..."
HeaderText="Show<BR>Details"
CommandName="Select"/>
<asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID"/>
<asp:BoundField DataField="LastName" HeaderText="Last Name"/>
<asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName" HeaderText="First Name"/>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<asp:FormView ID="EmployeeFormView"
DataSourceID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
Gridlines="Both"
OnItemUpdated="EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated"
OnItemDeleted="EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted"
RunAt="server">
<HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
forecolor="White"/>
<RowStyle backcolor="White"/>
<EditRowStyle backcolor="LightCyan"/>
<ItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr><td align=right><B>Employee ID:</B></td> <td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Employee Name:</B></td><td><%# Eval("FirstName") %></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Category:</B></td> <td><%# Eval("LastName") %></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<asp:LinkButton ID="EditButton"
Text="Edit"
CommandName="Edit"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="NewButton"
Text="New"
CommandName="New"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="DeleteButton"
Text="Delete"
CommandName="Delete"
RunAt="server"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr><td align=right><B>Employee ID:</B></td><td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>First Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="EditFirstNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Last Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="EditLastNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<asp:LinkButton ID="UpdateButton"
Text="Update"
CommandName="Update"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="CancelUpdateButton"
Text="Cancel"
CommandName="Cancel"
RunAt="server"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</EditItemTemplate>
<InsertItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr><td align=right><B>First Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertFirstNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align=right><B>Last Name:</B></td>
<td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertLastNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>'
RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<asp:LinkButton ID="InsertButton"
Text="Insert"
CommandName="Insert"
RunAt="server"/>
<asp:LinkButton ID="CancelInsertButton"
Text="Cancel"
CommandName="Cancel"
RunAt="server"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</InsertItemTemplate>
</asp:FormView>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeesSqlDataSource"
selectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName FROM Employees"
connectionstring="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>"
RunAt="server">
</asp:sqlDataSource>
<asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID = @EmpID"
InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Employees(LastName, FirstName) VALUES (@LastName, @FirstName);
SELECT @EmpID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET LastName=@LastName, FirstName=@FirstName
WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
DeleteCommand="DELETE Employees WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>"
OnInserted="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted"
RunAt="server">
<SelectParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
</SelectParameters>
<InsertParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Direction="Output" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
</InsertParameters>
</asp:sqlDataSource>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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The command can be the name of a stored procedure if the database you are working with supports stored procedures. If you use stored procedures to update data, you must set the
Parameters
Parameters are used to send values for insert, update, and delete operations to the data source. Parameter names and values are based on data fields bound to a control or alternatively on parameter objects that you define explicitly. Parameters from a data-bound control include both values for the data operation and for key values to identify a specific row, as defined by the DataKeyNames property of the bound control.
You can create explicit
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Explicitly specifying parameters is especially important when working with the |
For more information and for examples of using parameters, see Using Parameters with the SqlDataSource Control and How a Data Source Control Creates Parameters for Data-bound Fields.
Events
The SqlDataSource control raises events that you can handle to run your own code before and after the control performs an insert, update, or delete operation.
The SqlDataSource control raises the
The SqlDataSource control raises the
For example, the following code example uses the Updating and Updated events to execute the UpdateCommand within a transaction.
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<%@Page Language="VB" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.Common" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Diagnostics" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<SCRIPT runat="server">
Sub On_Click(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
SqlDataSource1.Update()
End Sub 'On_Click
Sub On_Sql_Updating(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs)
Dim command as DbCommand
Dim connection as DbConnection
Dim transaction as DbTransaction
command = e.Command
connection = command.Connection
connection.Open()
transaction = connection.BeginTransaction()
command.Transaction = transaction
End Sub 'On_Sql_Updating
Sub On_Sql_Updated(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs)
Dim command As DbCommand
Dim transaction As DbTransaction
command = e.Command
transaction = command.Transaction
' In this code example the OtherProcessSucceeded variable represents
' the outcome of some other process that occurs whenever the data is
' updated, and must succeed for the data change to be committed. For
' simplicity, we set this value to true.
Dim OtherProcessSucceeded as Boolean = True
If (OtherProcessSucceeded) Then
transaction.Commit()
Label2.Text="The record was updated successfully!"
Else
transaction.Rollback()
Label2.Text="The record was not updated."
End If
End Sub ' On_Sql_Updated
</SCRIPT>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<FORM runat="server">
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind%>"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, Address FROM Employees"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET Address=@Address WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
OnUpdating="On_Sql_Updating"
OnUpdated ="On_Sql_Updated">
<UpdateParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="Address" ControlId="TextBox1" PropertyName="Text"/>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="EmployeeID" ControlId="DropDownList1" PropertyName="SelectedValue"/>
</UpdateParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:DropDownList
id="DropDownList1"
runat="server"
DataTextField="LastName"
DataValueField="EmployeeID"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
</asp:DropDownList>
<P>
<asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server" Text="Enter a new address for the selected user." />
<asp:TextBox id="TextBox1" runat="server" />
<asp:Button id="Submit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="On_Click" />
<P><asp:Label id="Label2" runat="server" Text="" />
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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<%@Page Language="C#" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.Common" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Diagnostics" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<SCRIPT runat="server">
private void On_Click(Object source, EventArgs e) {
SqlDataSource1.Update();
}
private void OnSqlUpdating(Object source, SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs e) {
DbCommand command = e.Command;
DbConnection cx = command.Connection;
cx.Open();
DbTransaction tx = cx.BeginTransaction();
command.Transaction = tx;
}
private void OnSqlUpdated(Object source, SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs e) {
DbCommand command = e.Command;
DbTransaction tx = command.Transaction;
// In this code example the OtherProcessSucceeded variable represents
// the outcome of some other process that occurs whenever the data is
// updated, and must succeed for the data change to be committed. For
// simplicity, we set this value to true.
bool OtherProcessSucceeded = true;
if (OtherProcessSucceeded) {
tx.Commit();
Label2.Text="The record was updated successfully!";
}
else {
tx.Rollback();
Label2.Text="The record was not updated.";
}
}
</SCRIPT>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<FORM runat="server">
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind%>"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, Address FROM Employees"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET Address=@Address WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
OnUpdating="OnSqlUpdating"
OnUpdated ="OnSqlUpdated">
<UpdateParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="Address" ControlId="TextBox1" PropertyName="Text"/>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="EmployeeID" ControlId="DropDownList1" PropertyName="SelectedValue"/>
</UpdateParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:DropDownList
id="DropDownList1"
runat="server"
DataTextField="LastName"
DataValueField="EmployeeID"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
</asp:DropDownList>
<P>
<asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server" Text="Enter a new address for the selected user." />
<asp:TextBox id="TextBox1" runat="server" />
<asp:Button id="Submit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="On_Click" />
<P><asp:Label id="Label2" runat="server" Text="" />
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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<%@Page Language="VJ#" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.Common" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Diagnostics" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<SCRIPT runat="server">
private void On_Click(Object source, System.EventArgs e)
{
try {
SqlDataSource1.Update();
}
catch (System.Exception except) {
// Handle Exception
}
Label2.set_Text("The record was updated successfully!");
} //On_Click
private void OnSqlUpdate(Object source, SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs e)
{
// Log the command in the Event Log on the Web server.
String logInfo = e.get_Command().get_CommandText()
+ " is being submitted to the database.";
IEnumerator ie = e.get_Command().get_Parameters().GetEnumerator();
while (ie.MoveNext()) {
DbParameter param = ((DbParameter)(ie.get_Current()));
logInfo = logInfo + " " + param.get_ParameterName()+ "="
+ param.get_Value();
}
EventLog log = new EventLog();
log.set_Log("Application");
log.set_Source("ASP.NET Example");
log.WriteEntry(logInfo);
} //OnSqlUpdate
</SCRIPT>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<FORM runat="server">
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=Northwind;"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, Address FROM Employees"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET Address=@Address WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
OnUpdating="OnSqlUpdate">
<UpdateParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="Address" ControlId="TextBox1" PropertyName="Text"/>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="EmployeeID" ControlId="DropDownList1" PropertyName="SelectedValue"/>
</UpdateParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:DropDownList
id="DropDownList1"
runat="server"
DataTextField="LastName"
DataValueField="EmployeeID"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
</asp:DropDownList>
<P>
<asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server" Text="Enter a new address for the selected user." />
<asp:TextBox id="TextBox1" runat="server" />
<asp:Button id="Submit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="On_Click" />
<P><asp:Label id="Label2" runat="server" Text="" />
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Conflict Detection
The SqlDataSource control can perform update and delete operations using optimistic concurrency. Optimistic concurrency is a database strategy that protects against losing changes at a data source in scenarios where multiple users are manipulating the data at the same time. The SqlDataSource control uses the
By default, the ConflictDetection property is set to
You can set the ConflictDetection property to
See Also
